Since October 2023, Israel has waged genocide against Palestinians in Gaza, killing tens of thousands and destroying the conditions that sustain life, and is now escalating ethnic cleansing in the West Bank. The destruction of Palestinian lives, land and ecosystems is integral to the settler-colonial project Israel has imposed on Palestine for 78 years. The International Court of Justice has found Israel’s continued presence in the occupied Palestinian territory unlawful and ordered provisional measures to protect Palestinians in Gaza under the Genocide Convention. In September 2025, the UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry concluded that Israel was committing genocide in Gaza.
Palestinian liberation is central to climate justice. Fossil fuel supply chains sustain Israel’s military aggression and unlawful occupation, while war destroys ecosystems and generates emissions through military activity, destruction and reconstruction. Public resources needed for climate action, a just transition, the return of Palestinian refugees and reparations are instead diverted to militarism. Ending this complicity must be part of the climate justice movement’s work. One estimate puts the total carbon emissions arising from military operations and associated destruction and reconstruction needs in Gaza and Lebanon in the 15 months from October 2023 to January 2025 at over 33 million tons, equivalent to the total emissions of Jordan in one year – and yet such emissions are excluded from climate negotiations.
Over the last three years, we have witnessed the Israeli military slaughter over 74,000 Palestinians in Gaza, and cause the deaths of tens of thousands more including through malnutrition and inability to access medical treatment, while expanding ethnic cleansing and genocidal violence to Lebanon and aggression throughout the wider region. Israel’s impunity derives from the failure of states and corporations to comply with their respective international law obligations to end all complicity in Israel’s illegal occupation, regime of apartheid, and genocide. It also exposes the power structures leading our planet to climate breakdown. Palestinian-led BDS campaigns and wider solidarity movements are organizing to end this complicity. Workers organizing in ports, transport, energy and other sectors have a central role in stopping the supply chains that sustain Israel’s military and occupation. Workers, activists, researchers, legal experts, and innumerable civil society organizations have come together to pressure governments, corporations and institutions to end complicity. These efforts must be sustained alongside campaigns to secure, enforce and extend restrictions on complicit trade.
The pressure on governments, corporations and institutions to end complicity is making change:
- Following a major civil society campaign involving ReCommon, BDS Italia and Disrupt Power, Italian energy giant, Eni, withdrew from an Israeli consortium seeking to pillage Palestinian natural gas. Campaigning continues to pressure the second international partner, the Korean-Scottish Dana Petroleum, to exit.
- Following sustained campaigning by BDS Brazil, PIPD Brazil, PICS, and GEEP, oil workers and other movements, Sindipetro-RJ reports that Brazil recorded no direct oil exports to Israel in 2025. Ending direct exports must be accompanied by measures to prevent indirect supply through intermediaries and third countries.
- Following pressure from RESCOP and social movements in the Spanish state, the Spanish government has adopted restrictions on arms and dual-use transfers and the transit of fuel with potential military end use. However, the military relations between the Spanish state and Israel remain virtually intact. Measures adopted require further development, scrutiny of implementation and exceptions, alongside continued pressure for a comprehensive embargo.
- Following research by WhoProfits and campaigning by the BDS movement and its partners, Israel’s Netafim and its Mexican owner Orbia have been added to the UN database of businesses complicit in Israel’s illegal occupation. Netafim has long been called out for greenwashing Israel’s atrocity crimes against Palestinians, positioning itself as a global leader in “sustainable agriculture,” while profiting from occupation, apartheid and ethnic cleansing. Netafim uses the digital technology developed for the killer Iron Drone missiles in NetBeat, a smart irrigation platform, highlighting the company's close ties to the Israeli arms industry. Research by groups including GRAIN shows how Netafim and other Israeli agribusiness are paving the way for the Israeli arms industry in Africa, while also being linked to land grabs and debt.
These advances must be recognised, extended and defended. Restrictions must be assessed against actual shipments, indirect supply routes and continuing corporate involvement. Colombia’s reversal of its ban on coal exports to Israel demonstrates the need for sustained organization capable of defending gains against political reversal. Our objective remains an end to the material flows sustaining Israel’s genocide, apartheid and unlawful occupation.
As COP31’s host, Türkiye's role in these supply chains need special attention. Türkiye brought in restrictions on trade with Israel as well as a prohibition against the export of military items to Israel. However, crude oil from Azerbaijan continues to flow through the BTC pipeline, majority-owned by Azerbaijan's SOCAR and the UK's BP, passing through Georgia, and the Turkish port of Ceyhan. Research by PICS and Global Energy Embargo for Palestine, building on work by groups including Energy Embargo for Palestine, Oil Change International and SOMO, documents the role of this route and the companies sustaining it. We demand that Türkiye halt Israel-bound oil shipments through its territory and ports, including third-country transit, and publish independently verifiable information on enforcement. Accountability extends to producers, pipeline shareholders, traders and shipping companies, including SOCAR, BP, Vitol and Heritage Petroleum FZCO.
We stand with workers and movements in Türkiye organizing to end these flows. Joint campaigns must be shaped with those organizing locally, including decisions about targets, forms of action and the support workers and local movements need.
Our Demands for COP31
We, Palestinian grassroots, environmental and human rights organizations, call on workers, trade unions, and climate justice, human rights and solidarity movements to organize collective action around the following demands:
1) Kick Israel out of the UNFCCC
- Israel must not be legitimised through participation in a UN climate conference while it commits genocide against Palestinians in Gaza and maintains its regime of apartheid. Its presence undermines the credibility of COP31 and the global climate justice agenda.
- Demand Israel’s suspension from the UNFCCC and exclusion from COP spaces until it fully complies with international law and respects Palestinian rights, including the right of refugees to return and receive reparations.
2) End the illegal pillage of Palestinian energy resources
- Join the campaign to pressure Korean-Scottish company Dana Petroleum to withdraw from the Israeli consortium with Ratio Energies which seeks to illegally extract natural gas from Palestinian waters.
3) Impose an energy embargo on Israel
- Pressure energy corporations complicit in the oil, gas and coal supply chains fuelling Israel’s genocide, apartheid and illegal military occupation against Palestinians, including Chevron, SOCAR, BP, Vitol, Heritage Petroleum FZCO, Drummond and Glencore.
- Mobilize globally to demand that exporting states, including Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Gabon, Nigeria and South Africa, end oil, gas and coal exports to Israel, and that transit states, including Türkiye, Cyprus and Russia, halt Israel-bound energy shipments through their territory and ports. Restrictions must cover direct and indirect supplies, including shipments arranged through intermediaries.
- Oppose the EU-Egypt-Israel gas agreements: they trade in pillaged Palestinian gas and unlawful pipeline infrastructure, sustaining occupation, apartheid and genocide.
- Support workers and their organizations in developing collectively decided action to stop these supplies, backed by legal defence, solidarity funds and protection against retaliation.
4) End Agribusiness Complicity, Water Apartheid, False Technological ‘Fixes’ and Greenwashing
- Boycott and divest from Netafim, Adama, ICL Group and other agribusiness firms profiting from Israel’s settler colonialism and land theft.
- Terminate all agreements with Mekorot, the Israeli state water company that cuts off water to Gaza and sustains illegal settlements and water apartheid.
- Oppose the development, testing, and commercialization of solar geoengineering and other false technological fixes that concentrate planetary control in corporate or militarized hands, including through companies such as the Israeli-US start-up Stardust Solutions.
- Expose the agribusiness and water corporations that greenwash Israel’s violations of international law, and connect food and water sovereignty struggles globally to the Palestinian struggle for land, water, life, justice and liberation.
- Stop all joint research on climate action with Israel and with complicit institutions and universities.
5) Put military and conflict-related emissions on the climate agenda and expose the diversion of resources to genocide
- Mobilize climate justice movements, trade unions and solidarity organizations to raise military and conflict-related emissions throughout COP31, including in public advocacy, constituency interventions and engagement with state delegations. Sustain coordinated organizing across subsequent COPs.
- Demand a formal UNFCCC process for comprehensive, mandatory and transparent reporting of military emissions and robust accounting for conflict-related emissions, alongside commitments to reduce them. Develop common proposals and secure supporting state delegations through COP32, building pressure for a negotiated decision by COP33. This work must remain connected to ending the military and energy supplies sustaining genocide and advancing demilitarisation.
- Demand transparency on fossil fuel supplies to armed forces, including jet fuel, crude oil, gas and coal, and recognise military fuel supply chains as a driver of conflict-related emissions. Call on states to regulate fossil fuel transfers and end them where evidence points to risk that they may sustain genocide, apartheid and unlawful occupation, in line with their duty not to render aid or assistance to an unlawful situation.
- Call for the adoption of a UNFCCC conflict-of-interest policy preventing fossil fuel, arms and apartheid-linked corporations from influencing climate negotiations.
- Call for an assessment of current and projected costs arising from Israel's violations of international law, and the implications for the availability of climate finance, including for just transition and loss and damage.
We urge all movements gathering in Antalya for COP31 to:
- Include these demands in your advocacy, communications, and organizing.
- Strengthen Palestinian-led BDS campaigns and worker-led organizing to end corporate and institutional complicity, with sustained support for those taking collective action.
- Build joint campaigns linking climate justice with anti-colonial and anti-apartheid struggles.
- Raise military and conflict-related emissions in your COP31 interventions and join coordinated organizing towards a negotiated decision by COP33.
No climate justice without Palestinian liberation.
Signatories
Palestinian Institute for Climate Strategy (PICS)
The Palestinian Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions Movement (BDS)
The Palestinian Grassroots Anti-Apartheid Wall Campaign (Stop the Wall)
Palestinian Environmental NGOs Network (PENGON)
Global Energy Embargo for Palestine (GEEP)The Palestine Institute for Public Diplomacy (PIPD)